@InProceedings{PSST2001,
    author =       {Adrian Perrig and Sean Smith and Dawn Song and J.D. Tygar},
    title =        {{SAM}: A Flexible and Secure Auction Architecture Using Trusted Hardware},
    url = {/publications/papers/sam-ejeta.pdf},
    booktitle =    {First International Workshop on Internet Computing and E-Commerce (ICEC'01)},
    year =         2001,
    month =        apr,
    day =          27,
    abstract =     {Increasing numbers of economic transactions are conducted through on-line
    auctions.  Nevertheless, most current auction implementations fail
    to address important security concerns. In particular, most auction systems
    force buyers and sellers to trust the auctioneer; alternative secure systems
    are inflexible and have a high computational and/or communication overhead.

    To overcome these limitations, we propose a secure auction marketplace (SAM)
    architecture, based on the recently available tool of high-performance,
    programmable secure coprocessors.

    Unlike previous schemes, this approach provides a general framework that can
    incorporate arbitrary auction schemes by using different evaluation programs,
    as well as provide complex security properties by using the secure coprocessor
    and our auction protocols.

    Our approach features strong security guarantees for the buyers and sellers
    without trusting the auctioneer, precise definition of the information
    disclosed during and after the auction, and high flexibility to adapt to new
    types of auctions.  \textbf{Keywords:} Secure auction architecture, secure
    coprocessor.}
}